Procedure for identifying metaphorical scenes (PIMS): the case of spatial and abstract relations. - Study 2: Testing for Mixed Prepositions in a Brexit Text
SND-ID: 2021-5-2. Version: 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5878/3h69-wp93
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Creator/Principal investigator(s)
Marlene Johansson Falck
- Umeå University, Department of Language Studies
Lacey Okonski
- Umeå University, Department of Language Studies
Research principal
Umeå University
- Department of Language Studies
Description
This study (Johansson Falck & Okonski, 2023) tackles the tricky problem of identifying metaphors in language that includes prepositions (e.g., Reijnierse, 2019, Herrmann et al., 2019, Nacey et al. 2019a, Marhula and Rosiński, 2019). We demonstrate how the Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS) reflected and evoked by linguistic expressions in discourse (Johansson Falck & Okonski, 2022), can be used to identify metaphorical relations reflected in language. Two studies are presented that test the reliability of the procedure and the sensitivity of the tool for prepositions. Results show that PIMS provides a simple procedure that increases both reliability and sensitivity for prepositional constructions. By focusing on the scenes evoked by linguistic constructions, the procedure highlights the contextual meanings of the constructions and the specific experiences that they code.
References:
Herrmann, B., et al. (2019). Linguistic metaphor identification in German. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages:
References:
Herrmann, B., et al. (2019). Linguistic metaphor identification in German. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 113-136). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Johansson Falck, M., & Okonski, L. (2022). Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS): A Cognitive Linguistics Approach to Bridge Theory and Practice. Cognitive Semantics, 8, 294-322. doi:10.1163/23526416-bja10031
Marhula, J. and M. Rosiński (2019). Linguistic metaphor identification in Polish. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 183-202). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Nacey, S., et al. (2019a). Linguistic metaphor identification in Scandinavian. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 137-158). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Reijnierse, W. G. (2019). Linguistic metaphor identification in French. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 69-90). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
We analyzed data previously analyzed in applications of the MIPVU procedure (Steen, G. J. et al., 2019; Nacey et al., 2019b) and focused on words tagged as prepositions in a text on Brexit (Elgot, 2016). For more information, please see Johansson Falck and Okonski (2022).
References:
Johansson Falck, M., & Okonski, L. (2023). Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS): The Case of Spatial and Abstract Relations. Metaphor and Symbol, 38(1), 1-22. doi:10.1080/10926488.2022.2062243
Nacey, S., et al. (2019b). What the MIPVU protocol doesn't tell you (even though it mostly does). In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 41-68). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Steen, G. J., et al. (2019). MIPVU: a manaual for identifying metaphore-related words. In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 23-40). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Elgot, J. (2016, June 24). Brexit, the fallout and the UK's future: what we know so far. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/brexit-fallout-what-we-know-so-far
A description of the MIPVU-method is also accessible on Open Science Framework at the on-line adress: https://osf.io/vw46k/ Show less..
Data contains personal data
No
Language
Unit of analysis
Population
We applied PIMS to the identification of metaphorical constructions that include prepositions in two studies (see below).
Time Method
Sampling procedure
We applied PIMS to the identification of metaphorical constructions that include prepositions in two studies, which are described by Johansson Falck and Okonski (2022).
Study 1: Reliability testing for corpus linguistic data for the preposition into
In the first study, we used PIMS to identify metaphorical ‘into relations’ that are evoked by sentences that include the preposition into. The data was excerpted from (Davies, 2008). We excerpted 100 instances of into + noun collocations where into was tagged as a preposition and the noun was located in a window one word to the right of the preposition.
Study 2: Testing for Mixed Prepositions in a Brexit Text
In the second study, we applied PIMS to a data set with a mixture of prepositions. The data set was made up of 149 instances (see footnote 1) of either one of the prepositions about, across, after, against, among, at, between, by, despite, due to, during, from, in, inside, into, of, on, over, through, to, towards and with, which are present in a text on Brexit previously analyzed in applications of MIPVU (Nacey, S. D. et al. 2019).
Refer
Study 1: Reliability testing for corpus linguistic data for the preposition into
In the first study, we used PIMS to identify metaphorical ‘into relations’ that are evoked by sentences that include the preposition into. The data was excerpted from (Davies, 2008). We excerpted 100 instances of into + noun collocations where into was tagged as a preposition and the noun was located in a window one word to the right of the preposition.
Study 2: Testing for Mixed Prepositions in a Brexit Text
In the second study, we applied PIMS to a data set with a mixture of prepositions. The data set was made up of 149 instances (see footnote 1) of either one of the prepositions about, across, after, against, among, at, between, by, despite, due to, during, from, in, inside, into, of, on, over, through, to, towards and with, which are present in a text on Brexit previously analyzed in applications of MIPVU (Nacey, S. D. et al. 2019).
References:
Davies, M. (2008-) The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). Available online at https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/.
Johansson Falck, M. and L. Okonski (2022). "Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS): The Case of Spatial and Abstract Relations." Metaphor & Symbol, in press, https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2022.2062243.
Nacey, S. D. et al. (2019). What the MIPVU protocol doesn't tell you (even though it mostly does). In Nacey, S., Dorst, A. G., Krennmayr, T. W., Reijnierse, W. G. (Eds.). Metaphor Identification in Multiple Languages: MIPVU Around the World, Volume 22 (pp 41-68). Amsterdam/Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company.
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Footnote 1. We excerpted 100 random instances of each into collocations where into was tagged as a preposition. However, such searches in COCA occasionally generate fewer than 100 instances of each collocation. Moreover, when the data was excerpted (December 12th, 2020) there were fewer than 100 instances of the 56-100 most frequent into + noun collocations in COCA. Show less..
Time period(s) investigated
1990 – 2017
Geographic spread
Geographic location: United States, Europe
Geographic description:
Data a British news texts (http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/brexit-fallout-what-we-know-so-far
and ) and data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English were analyzed.
Sources:
https://osf.io/vw46k/
Davies, M. (2008). COCA. Corpus of Contemporary American English. I
Responsible department/unit
Department of Language Studies
Research area
Specific languages (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)
Language and linguistics (CESSDA Topic Classification)
Johansson Falck, M. and L. Okonski (2022). "Procedure for Identifying Metaphorical Scenes (PIMS): The Case of Spatial and Abstract Relations ." Metaphor & Symbol, in press.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2022.2062243
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