'H85' is one of the longitudinal studies from Gothenburg where representative populations of older people has been followed over a long period (information about the studies H70, 95+ and Kvinnoundersökningen KVUS can be found under Related studies). This is a multidisciplinary study of representative samples of 85-year olds in Göteborg, which started in 1986.

At the baseline examination during 1986/87 all 85-year-olds born between July 1, 1901 and June 30, 1902 and living in Gothenburg were invited to a health examination. Half of them were also examined by a psychiatrist (n=494). Participants were followed up at age 88, 90, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 and 105. The study surveys have been conducted in 1986/87, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006.

A second cohort of 85-year-olds born between July 1, 1923 and June 30, 1924 was invited to the study. At the baseline examination (2008-2010), 572 individuals participated, representing a response rate of 60 %. Participants were followed up at age 88 and 90. The study surveys have been conducted in 2008-2010, 2011, 2013 and 2018. Re-examinations are planned for 2021.

Cohort three of 85-year-olds was included in 2015‒16, where 491 persons born 1930 were examined. Re-examinations are planned at ages 91 and 95.

The examination procedures at each study have been retained as identical as possible to provide results that can be compared over time. The study comprises a psychiatric interview, physical examination, psychological tests, blood samples with extensive laboratory analysis and a close informant interview. It also includes collecting data related to socioeconomic status, marital status, living conditions, housing situation, education, religion, hobbies and life events. Neurobiological investigations in the form of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal puncture and analysis of brain-spinal fluid are also carried out. Medical records from all major hospitals, geriatric and psychiatric institutions and outpatient clinics in Gothenburg are evaluated to find cases of psychiatric and somatic diseases. Dementia, depression, psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are diagnosed according to DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. Somatic diseases are classified according to established criteria.

The purpose is to investigate the frequency of, and which factors that are associated with psychiatric and somatic diseases in a population 85-years-old followed longitudinally. Show less..

Data contains personal data

Yes

Sensitive personal data

Yes

Type of personal data

Psydonymised data related to mental and physical health, as well as socio-demographics and social relationships

Code key exists

Yes

Language

English

Swedish

Method and outcome

Unit of analysis

Individual

Population

The population originally consisted of a representative sample of 85-year-old men and women born in 1901/1902 and living in Gothenburg 1986/1987.

Time Method

Longitudinal: Cohort/Event-based

Study design

Observational study

Cohort study: Prospective

Sampling procedure

Probability: Systematic random

The study participants were mainly drawn as a representative, systematic sample from the population register.

Time period(s) investigated

1986 – Ongoing

Data format / data structure

Numeric

Data collection

Mode of collection: Interview

Geographic coverage

Geographic spread

Geographic location: Sweden

Geographic description: Gothenburg

Administrative information

Responsible department/unit

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology

Ethics Review

Gothenburg - Ref. Kohort 1901-02: Dnr 340-86

Gothenburg - Ref. Kohort 1923-24: Dnr 607 08

Gothenburg - Ref. Kohort 1930: Dnr 131-15

Topic and keywords

Research area

Elderly (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Medical and health sciences (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Geriatrics (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Gerontology, specialising in medical and health sciences (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Health (CESSDA Topic Classification)

Keywords

Aged, Psychology, Physical examination, Dementia, Psychiatry, Geriatric psychiatry, Geriatric nursing, Memory, Longitudinal studies, Risk factors, Mortality, Health, Near - towards a national e-infrastructure for aging research in sweden

Publications

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Skoog I, Berg S, Johansson B, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A. The influence of white matter lesions on neuropsychological functioning in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;93:142-148.

Skoog I. Mental disorders in the elderly. A population study in 85-year-olds. Thesis, University of Gothenburg, 1993.
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Liebetrau M, Steen B, Skoog I. Depression as a risk factor for the incidence of first-ever stroke in 85-year-olds. Stroke 2008;39:1960-1965.

Aevarsson O, Svanborg A, Skoog I. Seven-year survival after age 85 years. Relation to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Arch Neurol 1998;55:1226-1232.

Skoog I, Vanmechelen E, Andreasson L-A, Palmertz B, Davidsson P, Hesse C, Blennow K. A population-based study of tau protein and ubiquitin in cerebrospinal fluid in 85-year-olds: relation to severity of dementia and cerebral atrophy, but not to the apolipoprotein E4 allele. Neurodegeneration 1995;4:433-442.

Skoog I, Hesse C, Fredman P, Andreasson L-A, Palmertz B, Blennow K. Apolipoprotein E in cerebrospinal fluid in 85-year-olds. Relation to dementia, apolipoprotein E polymorphism, cerebral atrophy, and white-matter lesions. Arch Neurol 1997; 54: 267-272.

Skoog I, Steen B, Persson G, Nilsson L, Aevarsson O, Larsson L, Östling S. A 15-year longitudinal cross-sectional population study on sleep in the elderly. Facts and research in gerontology 1993;7:137-146.

Skoog I, Nilsson L, Landahl S, Steen B. Mental disorders and the use of psychotropic drugs in an 85-year-old urban population. Int Psychogeriatrics 1993;5:33-48.

Skoog I, Andreasson L-A, Palmertz B, Lernfeldt B, Landahl S, Steen B, Svanborg A. Vascular factors and dementia in 85-year-olds. In: Bergener M, Brocklehurst JC, Finkel SI (eds). Aging, Health, and Healing. New York: Springer Publishing Company Inc 1995; 49-55.

Skoog I, Nilsson L, Svanborg A. The authors reply: A population-based study of dementia in 85-year-olds. N Engl J Med 1993;329:363.

Skoog I, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A. The prevalence of white matter lesions on computed tomography of the brain in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1994;7:169-175.

Östling S, Johansson B, Skoog I. Cognitive test performance in relation to psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in non-demented 85-year-olds. Psychol Med 2004;34:443-450.

Sacuiu S, Sjögren M, Gustafson D, Skoog I. Prodromal cognitive signs of dementia in 85-year-olds using four sources of information. Neurology 2005;65:1894-1900.

Palsson S, Aevarsson O, Skoog I. Depression, cerebral atrophy, cognitive performance and incidence of dementia. Population study of 85-year-olds. Brit J Psychiatr 1999;174:249-253.

Östling S, Gustafson D, Blennow K, Börjesson-Hanson A, Waern M. Psychotic symptoms in a population-based sample of 85-year-old individuals with dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2011 Mar;24(1):3-8.

Nilsson L, Persson G, Skoog I. Unik Svensk undersökning i Göteborg 85-åringar positiva till sexundersökningar. Ottar 1988;113-118.

Hellström L, Milsom I, Ekelund P, Skoog I. The influence of dementia on the prevalence of urinary and faecal incontinence in 85-year old men and women. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 1994;19:11-20.

Skoog I. Sex and Swedish 85-year-olds. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1140-1141.

Palsson S, Johansson B, Berg S, Skoog I. A population study on the influence of depression on neuropsychological functioning in 85-year-olds. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000;101:185-193.

Olesen PJ, Guo X, Gustafson D, Börjesson-Hanson A, Sacuíu S, Eckerström C, Bigler ED, Skoog I. A population-based study on the influence of brain atrophy on 20-year survival after age 85. Neurology 2011;76(10):879-86

Liebetrau M, Steen B, Hamann GF, Skoog I. Silent and symptomatic infarcts on cranial computerized tomography in relation to dementia and mortality. A populationbased study in 85-year-olds. Stroke 2004;35:1816-1820.

Skoog I, Hesse C, Aevarsson O, Landahl S, Wahlström J, Fredman P, Blennow K. A population study of Apo E genotype at the age of 85: relation to dementia, cerebrovascular disease and mortality. J Neurol Neurosur Psychiatr 1998;64:37-43.

Skoog I, Aevarsson O, Beskow J, Larsson L, Palsson S, Waern M, Landahl S, Östling, S. Suicidal feelings in a population sample of non-demented 85-year-olds. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1015-1020.

Liebetrau M, Steen B, Skoog I. Stroke in 85-year-olds. Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and relation to mortality and dementia. Stroke 2003;34:2617-2622.

Skoog I. The prevalence of psychotic, depressive and anxiety syndromes in demented and non-demented 85-year-olds. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 1993;8:247-253.

Johansson C, Skoog I. A population-based study on the association between dementia and hip fractures in 85-year-olds. Aging Clin Exp Res 1996;8:189-196.

Skoog I. Andresson L-A, Palmertz B, Landahl S, Lernfelt B. A population-based study on blood pressure and brain atrophy in 85-year-olds. Hypertension 1998; 32: 404-409.

Skoog I, Davidsson P, Aevarsson O, Vanderstichele H, Vammechelen E, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid 42 Is Reduced before the Onset of Sporadic Dementia: A Population-Based Study in 85-Year-Olds. Dement geriatr Cogn Disord 2003;15:169-176.

Skoog I, Nilsson L, Palmertz B, Andreasson L-A, Svanborg A. A population-based study of dementia in 85-year-olds. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:153-158

Skoog I, Wallin A, Fredman P, Hesse C, Aevarsson O, Karlsson I, Gottfries CG, Blennow K. A population-study on blood-brain barrier function in 85-year-olds. Relation to Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Neurology 1998;50:966-971.

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