The national study SNAC - The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care, includes four participating areas: SNAC-Blekinge, SNAC Kungsholmen, SNAC Nordanstig and SNAC Skåne (GÅS). In all four areas, a research centre conducts a population study and a health care system study. (Metadata related to the main study SNAC and the other participating areas can be found under the Related studies tab).

SNAC-K Kungsholmen
SNAC-K is conducted by the Stockholm Gerontology Research Center in collaboration with Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet.

SNAC-K population study:
The population study consists of a clinical examination of persons over 60 years, who live in the area of Kungsholmen/Essingeöarna. The baseline data collection includes information on present status and past events. The information has been collected through interviews, clinical examinations, and testing. All staff (nurses, psychologists, and physicians) has been trained for data collection. Each subject has been examined for six hours on average; two hours for the social interview and the assessment of physical functioning (performed by a nurse); two hours for clinical examination, including geriatric, neurological and psychiatric assessment (performed by a physician); and two hours for cognitive assessment (performed by a psychologist).

SNAC-K care system study:
The care system data collection consists of continuous recording of the provision of public eldercare for persons over 65 years. For 2004-2020, data comprise all recipients of municipal eldercare in the district of Kungsholmen. Starting in 2015, data comprise all recipients of municipal eldercare in the whole municipality of Stockholm. Data are based on individual assessments made by the municipal need assessors for each decicison regarding the provision of eldercare services. Data include information about the type and amount of care and services granted, as well as information on need indicators (e.g., disability,physical function, cognitive impairment, mental health, living situation, housing). For specific research questions, data from the care system study can be complemented with register data on health care consumption provided by the Region of Stockholm (VAL-databas). The care system perspective and the population perspective are joined through those elderly persons who participate in both parts of the study.

Purpose:

Population study: The purpose is to study the transition from normal aging to morbidity and impaired functional ability by identify how social and biological factors, and the environment, affect older people's health, functional ability and life expectancy. The intention is to study the positive and negative events in life that may be relevant to aging.

Care system study: The aim of SNAC-K care system study is to continuously monitor the allocation of public eldercare in relation to need indicators. Collected data can be used as a basis for planning, resource allocation and evaluation of the provision of eldercare services and health care among older adults. Available data can also be used in research and development around the issues of the provision of social and heath care. The connection to the SNAC-K population study gives a unique opportunity for comparisons between care recipients and non-recipients.

A new population 60-year olds was examined in 2010-2012, when 1037 individuals participated.

For more information please visit:
https://www.snac-k.se/for-researchers/data-description/
https://www.snac-k.se/for-researchers/code-books/ Show less..

Data contains personal data

Yes

Sensitive personal data

Yes

Type of personal data

Personal identification number, encrypted personal identification number

Code key exists

Yes

Language

English

Swedish

Method and outcome

Unit of analysis

Individual/Patient

Population

Individuals aged 60 or over, living in the district of Kungsholmen.

Study design

Observational study

Cohort study

Cohort study: Prospective

Sampling procedure

Probability: Stratified
Total universe/Complete enumeration

The population study:
The SNAC-K population consists of a random sample of individuals aged 60˗104 years living both at home and in institutions in Kungsholmen, Stockholm in the central part of Sweden. The random sample was stratified by age cohort and year of assessment and an oversampling of those aged 60 years respectively > 81 years of age was conducted for all the SNAC studies. In SNAC-K, eleven age cohorts were chosen (60, 66, 72, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93, 96, and 99) with six year intervals for the younger cohorts and three years for the older cohorts (≥78 years).

During the baseline examination in 2001-04, 3363 individuals were included (response rate 73.3%). Participants who are 78 years of age or older are followed up every three years, while for those aged 60 to 72 years, follow-up will take place every six years. Data have been collected at seven waves over a total of 20 years and is ongoing.

The care system study:
The care system study includes all eldercare recipients 65 years or older, for the years 2004-2020 in the district of Kungsholmen (annually ~1200-1800 individuals) and

Time period(s) investigated

2010 – Ongoing

Biobank is connected to the study

The study has collected samples/material which are stored in a scientific collection or biobank

Scientific collection or biobank name: SNAC-K

Type(s) of sample: Blood tests and brain imaging (MRI)

Data format / data structure

Numeric

Data collection

Geographic coverage

Geographic spread

Geographic location: Kungsholmen Parish

Geographic description: Kungsholmen district in the city of Stockholm (for the care system part from 2015 and onwards the whole municipality of Stockholm).

Administrative information

Responsible department/unit

Stockholm Gerontology research center

Funding 1

Funding agency: the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare

Funding 2

Funding agency: the Stockholm County Council

Funding 3

Funding agency: the Swedish Research Council (VR)

Funding 4

Funding agency: the Stockholm Municipality

Funding 5

Funding agency: the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Sweden

Ethics Review

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2020-02497

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2021-01069

Stockholm - Ref. 2009/595-32

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2019-02528

Stockholm - Ref. 2016/730-31/1

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2020-02497

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2021-01069

Stockholm - Ref. 2009/595-32

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. 2019-02528

Stockholm - Ref. 2016/730-31/1

Stockholm - Ref. 2013/828-31/3

Central Ethical Review Board - Ref. Ö 26-2007

Stockholm - Ref. 04-929/3

Stockholm - Ref. 01-114

Stockholm - Ref. 2010/447-31/2

Swedish Ethical Review Authority - Ref. Dnr 2020-03778

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Topic and keywords

Research area

Medical and health sciences (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Geriatrics (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Health care service and management, health policy and services and health economy (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Nursing (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Social sciences interdisciplinary (Standard för svensk indelning av forskningsämnen 2011)

Keywords

Care of the elderly, Aged, Ageing, Housing for the elderly, Pensions, Living conditions, Mental health, Age groups, Health services, Therapeutics, Activities of daily living, Physical examination, Blood pressure, Aged, 80 and over, Blood specimen collection, Epidemiologic studies, Cohort studies, Dental care for aged, Data collection, Health surveys, Dementia, Population characteristics, Frail elderly, Hearing, Geriatric psychiatry, Life style, Interview, Medicine, Heart function tests, Electrocardiography, Follow-up studies, Nursing care, Geriatric nursing, Memory, Longitudinal studies, Prospective studies, Exercise, Population surveillance, Vision tests, Social sciences, Socioeconomic factors, Risk factors, Middle aged, Mortality, Marital status, Cause of death, Surveys and questionnaires, Epidemiology, Public health, Health, Health services research, Economics, medical, Health status, Body weight, Culture, Drug utilization, Retention, psychology, Organizational innovation, Retirement, Interpersonal relations, Registries, Disease, Hospitalization, Morbidity, Delivery of health care, Social environment, Social conditions, Social problems, Social support, Vision, ocular, Quality of life, Housing conditions, Leisure time activities, Weight (physiology), Height (physiology), Walking test, Balance, Homecare, Assistance needs, Respiratory function, Blood count, Near- national e-infrastructure for aging research, Concentrations capacity

Publications

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Renvert S, Persson R, Resebo J, Berglund J Forskning pågår - Fokus på sambandet munhälsa-allmänhälsa. Tandläkartidningen 2009;101(7):48-50

The system of care for frail elderly persons - the case of Sweden. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 14 (2002):252-257
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324447

Renvert S, Berglund J, Opalinska T, Persson RE, Persson GR Heel DXA T-scores and panoramic radiographs in the prediction of hip and hand fractures J Clin Peridontology 2009;36(Suppl. 9):9

Lagergren M, Fransson U, Hallberg D. The demand for old age care. In: Klevmarken A, Lindgren B (eds). Simulating an Ageing Population. Emerald: Bingley, UK (2008).
Swepub | Till lärosätets (gu) databas

Werntoft E, Rahm Hallberg I, Elmståhl S, Edberg A.-K. (2005) Older people's views of priorities in health care. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2005; 17:402-411.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324630

Kristensson J, Hallberg IR, Jakobsson U. Healthcare consumption in men and women aged 65 and above in the two years preceding decision about long-term municipal care. Health Soc Care Community. 2007 Sep;15 (5):474-85.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2007.00706.x

Nordberg G. Formal and informal care in an urban and rural elderly population. Who? When? What? Doktorsavhandling vid ARC, Karolinska Institutet, 2007. ISBN: 978-91-7357-253-8.
ISBN: 978-91-7357-253-8

Rennemark,M., Lindwall,M.,Halling, A, & Berglund, J. (2005) Relationships between physical activity and perceived qualities of life in old age: results from the Swedish national Study on Ageing and Care. Ageing and Mental health. 13,1,1-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802154416

Andersson M, Hallberg IR, Edberg AK. The final period of life in elderly people in Sweden: factors associated with QOL. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2006: Jun;12(6):286-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2006.12.6.21454

Meinow, B., Kåreholt, I., & Lagergren, M. (2005). According to need? : Predicting the amount of municipal home help allocated to elderly recipients in an urban area of Sweden. In Health and Social Care in the Community (Vol. 13, Issue 4, pp. 366–377). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-25073
URN: urn:nbn:se:su:diva-25073
SwePub: oai:DiVA.org:su-25073

Lindwall,M.,Rennemark,M & Berggren, T. (2007) Movement in mind. The relationship of exercise with cognitive status for older adults in the Swedish national Study on Ageing and Care (SNAC). Ageing and Mental health. 12,2, 212-220.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860701797232

Halling A, Fridh G, Ovhed I. Validating the Johns Hopkins ACG Case-Mix System of the elderly in Swedish primary health care. BMC Public Health 2006;6:171
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-171

Lindwall M, Rennemark M, Halling A, Berglund J, Hassmén P. The relationships of Depression and exercise in elderly men and women: Findings from the Swedish National study on Ageing and Care. J Aging Phys Act 2007;15(1):41-554
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.15.1.41

Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Westergren A, Hallberg IR. Older people receiving public long-term care in relation to consumption of medical health care and informal care. Open Geriatr Med J 2008; 1: 1-9.

Ekström H, Elmståhl S. Pain and fracture are independent factors related to lower walking speed and grip strength seven years after an osteoporotic fracture. Acta Orthopedica 2006, Dec;77(6):902-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17453670610013204

Werntoft E, Hallberg IR, Elmståhl S, Edberg A-K. Older people´s view of how to finance increasing health care costs. Ageing & Society, 2006; 26: 497-514.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324630.

Werntoft E, Hallberg IR, Edberg A-K. Prioritization and resource allocation in health care: the views of older people receiving continuous public care and service. Health Expect 2007; 10(2): 117-128.
Read full text
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00426.x

Hovde, B., Edberg, A-K., Hallberg, I.R. Public care among older non-Nordic immigrants in Sweden in comparison with Nordic born controls, Vård i Norden 2008 (accepterad).

Meinow, B.; Kåreholt, I.; Lagergren, M. According to need? Predicting the amount of municipal home help allocated to elderly recipients in an urban area of Sweden. J of Health and Social Services in the Community, 2005;13:366-37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2005.00570.x

Westerbotn M, Hillerås P, Fastbom J, Agüero-Torres H. Pain reporting by very old Swedish community dwellers: the role of cognition and function. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008;20(1):40-46.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324746

Fagerström C, Holst G, Hallberg IR. Feeling hindered by health problems and functional capacity at 60 years and above. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2007;44(2):181-20 Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22, 410-4211
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2006.03.004

Werngren-Elgström M, Iwarsson S, Elmståhl S, Dehlin O. ADL dependence and perceived health among elderly deaf sign language users. A comparison with a matched group of elderly hearing people. Scand J Occup Ther. 2005 Jun;12(2):81-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11038120510031743

Karlsson S, Edberg A-K, Westergren A, Hallberg IR. Functional ability and health complaints among older people with a combination of public and informal care vs. public care only. Scand J Caring Sci. 2008; 22(1):136-48.
Read full text
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00549.x

Schön, P., Lagergren, M., Kåreholt, I., Schön, P., Lagergren, M., Kareholt, I., & Schon, P. (2016). Rapid decrease in length of stay in institutional care for older people in Sweden between 2006 and 2012: results from a population-based study. In Health & Social Care in the Community (Vol. 24, Issue 5, pp. 631–638). https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12237
URN: urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28848
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12237
SwePub: oai:DiVA.org:hj-28848

Lindwall,M.,Rennemark,M. (2007) The effect of change in exercise behavior on cognitive functioning in older people. Journal of Sport Scienses, 25 (supplement), p314-315.

Halling A, Persson R G, Berglund J, Johansson O, Renvert S. Comparison between the Klemetti index and heel DXA BMD measurements in the diagnosis of reduced skeletal bone mineral density in the elderly. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:999-1003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-004-1796-x

Werntoft, E., Hallberg, I.R, Edberg A-K. Older people's reasoning about age related prioritisation in health care. Nursing Ethics 2007; 14(3): 399-412.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733007075887

Qiu C, De Ronchi D, Fratiglioni L. The epidemiology of the dementias: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20(4):380-385.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32816ebc7b

Steij-Stålbrand I, Svensson T, Elmståhl S, Hagberg B, Dehlin O, Samuelsson G. Subjective Health and Illness, Coping and Life Satisfaction in an 80-Year-Old Swedish Population. Implications for Mortality. Int J Behavioral Medicine, 2007; 14:173-180.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03000189

Meinow B., von Berens Å., Österman J. 2019. Stockholms SNAC -- En beskrivning av äldreomsorgstagarna och omsorgens omfattning i Stockholms stad 2019.

Werntoft E, Edberg A-K, Rooke L, Hermerén G, Elmståhl S, Hallberg IR. Older people's views of prioritization in health care. The applicability of an interview study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2005;14, Suppl 2, 64-74.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01278.x

Dahl M, Allwood CM, Hagberg B The realism in older people´s confidence judgements of answers to general knowledge questions Psychology and Aging 2009;24(1):234-238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014048

Hjalmarsson I., Meinow B., Norman E., Johansson L. 2019. Att komma hem från sjukhus och få ett tryggt mottagande - om insatser från äldreomsorgen efter sjukhusvistelse. Rapporter 2019:1. Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum

Jakobsson U, Hallberg IR. Mortality among elderly receiving long-term care: a longitudinal cohort study. Aging Clinical & Experimental Research. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2006 Dec;18(6):503-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324851

Kristensson, J., Hallberg, I.R., Lundborg, P. Costs for formal and informal care in people 65+ two years prior to them recieving long-term municipal care. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008 (accepterad). SNAC- Blekinge
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324883

Halling A, Berglund J. Association of diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus and heart failure with cognitive function in the elderly population. Eur J Gen Pract 2006;12(3):114-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13814780600881128

Rennemark M, Berggren T. Relationsships between work-staus and lesure lifestyle at the age of 60 years old. Eur J Ageing 2006;3:82-88
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-006-0029-x

Xu W, Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The effect of borderline diabetes on the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Diabetes 2007;56(1):211-216.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0879

Condelius A, Edberg AK, Jakobsson U, Hallberg IR. Hospital admissions among people 65+ related to multimorbidity, municipal and outpatient care. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2008; 46(1): 41-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2007.02.005

Hovde, B, Hallberg, IR & Edberg, A-K. Older immigrants experiences of their life situation in the context of receiving public care in Sweden. Int J Old People Nurs 2008; 3: 104-112.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3743.2007.00097.x

Olofsson M, Rennemark M. Påverkar personligheten användandet av naturläkemedel? Socialmedicinsk tidskrift 2007;1:57-65.

Halling A, Berglund J. Concordance between elderly patients´ understanding of and their primary healthcare physicians diagnosis of heart failure. Scand J Prim Health Care 2006;24:110-114
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02813430500428919

Ekström H, Dahlin Ivanoff S, Elmståhl S. Restriction in social participation and lower life satisfaction among fractured in pain. Results from the population study "Good Aging in Skåne". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2008 May-June; 46 (3):409-24.
Read full text
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2007.06.001

Stjernberg L, Berglund J, Halling A. Age and gender effect on the use of herbal medicine products and food supplements among the elderly. Scand J Prim Health Care 2006;24:50-55
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02813130500475522

Andersson M, Hallberg IR, Edberg AK. Health care consumption and place of death among old people with public home care or in special accommodation in their last year of life. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007 Jun;19(3):228-39.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324695

Lagergren M, Fratiglioni L, Hallberg I R, Berglund J, Elmståhl S, Hagberg B, Holst G, Rennemark M, Sjölund B-M, Thorslund M, Wiberg, I, Winblad B, Wimo A. A longitudinal study, integrating population and care and social service data - The Swedish National study on Ageing and Care (SNAC). Aging Clin Exp Research, 2004; 16: 158-168.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324546

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