Publishing Death. Symbols, Religious Themes, and Individualisation in Death Notices in the Swedish Daily Newspapers (1945) 1976 - 1995

The present study analyses 6,699 death notices appearing in Swedish newspapers from 1976 through 1995, and 5,766 death notices in specifically urban newspapers from the same period. The death notices are analysed using the same method as in an earlier study by theologian Per Block (Lund University), making it possible to study changes in the use of text in death notices already from 1945. The analysis shows that the number of cross symbols decreased markedly, from nearly 100 % of the death notices in 1976 to 39 % of the notices generally in 1995, and to 32 % of the notices in urban newspapers, while the number of alternative symbols increased. Interviews showed that a recurring concern was to choose a symbol that in some way portrayed the identity of the deceased. This may reflect an increased individualism and a reaction against the anonymity perceived in the cross symbol, which for many indicated only that somebody had died. The text portion of death notices has changed in that the number of notices containing language associated with Christianity decreased from 1945 to 1995. An attempt was made to relate these changes in death notices to changes in the rate of church oriented religiosity, but no clear connection was found. This study was part of a larger project, Cultural indicators: The Swedish Symbol System 1945-1975-1995 (KUSS II), funded by the former Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Purpose: The aim of the project was to study the contents of death notices in Swedish newspapers; how death notices are designed today (in the 1990s) and how they have changed over time. These issues were related to questions of secularisation and individualisation in Swedish society. The dataset consists of a sample of 6699 death notices published in Swedish daily newspapers during the years 1976-1995. The data includes the actual text from the death notices as well as coded data describing the level of religious content, symbols used, the size and political affiliation of the newspaper, etc. The data can be retrieved in MS Excel or SPSS format.