Question asked at interview - level one questions Question asked at interview - level two questions Question asked at interview - level three questions Header in data table Type of answer: Answer value If farm was part of intervention site Intervention Close-ended If interviewee was male or female Gender Observed value Age category of interviewee Age Observed value Number of rams in herd at time of interview Rams Open-ended (number) Number of animals in this ovine category Number of ewes in herd at time of interview Ewes Open-ended (number) Number of animals in this ovine category number of lambs in herd at time of interview Lambs Open-ended (number) Number of animals in this ovine category Who is the main caretaker of the sheep? MainCaretaker Open-ended (text) How long have you been keeping sheep? HowLong Open-ended (number) Years How did you learn about sheepkeeping? Learn Close-ended (tick all that apply) If other, specify: SpecifyOther Open-ended (text) Have you ever received information about sheep keeping or sheep health from authorities or animal health organizations? InfoAuth Close-ended If yes, have you been able to apply this to your heard? ApplyToHerd Close-ended If no, why not? ApplyWhyNot Open-ended (text) Did you go to school? Education Close-ended If yes, what level of education do you have? LevelEducation Close-ended Do you try to minimize contact between your own sheep herd and other sheep? (including: neighbor’s sheep, sheep in village, sheep in markets, etc) RestrictContact Close-ended Comment on restricted contact: ComRestrContact Open-ended (text) During the past year, have you had any recurrent health issues in your herd? (Definition: more than one sheep suffering from the same symptoms, eg coughing, GI-problems, unexpected deaths, etc.) HealthIssues Close-ended If yes, what? HealthIssuesWhat Open-ended (text) What actions do you take if a sheep becomes sick within your herd? IfDisease Close-ended (tick all that apply) If other, specify: SpecifyOther2 Open-ended (text) Do you know what education your animal health worker have? Profession Close-ended Do you regularly have your animals treated with medication of any sort also when they are healthy? (e.g. vaccinations, de-worming, preventive medication) TreatRegularly Close-ended If yes, do you vaccinate? Vaccination Close-ended If yes, do you deworm? Deworming Close-ended Against what? What Open-ended (text) How often do you vaccinate? OftenV Open-ended (number) Times/year How often do you deworm? OftenDW Open-ended (number) Times/year Any specific treatment during the gestation period? TreatGest Open-ended (text) Comments on treatment during gestation period: SpecifyTreatGest Open-ended (text) From where do you get the medication? AholdMed Open-ended (text) Have you encountered any critical feed shortage during the past year? FeedShortage Close-ended If yes, during which month(s)? FeedShortageWhen Open-ended (text) How many lambs are generally born/ewe/pregnancy? Lamb/gest Open-ended (number) Number of lambs/ewe/gestation How many lambs have been born in your herd the past year? LambsPastYear Open-ended (number) Number of lambs How many lamb deaths have you had during the past year? LambDeaths Open-ended (number) Number of lambs If any lamb deaths, is there an age where lamb deaths were more frequent? LambDeathAge Open-ended (number) Days of age at death How many of the lamb deaths have been twins? LambDeathTwins Open-ended (number) Number of dead lambs that were born twins How many of the lamb deaths have been triplets? LambDeathTriplets Open-ended (number) Number of dead lambs that were born triplets What has been the cause of death? (Disease, mismothering, cold, predators, delivery problems)? Describe: LambDeathCause Open-ended (text) In which season/month of the year did the lambs pass away? LambDeathSeason Open-ended (text) How many abortions have you had during the past year? Abortions Open-ended (number) Number of abortions Do you perceive lamb mortality as a problem within your herd? LambDeathPerception Close-ended Do you actively try to prevent lamb mortality? LambDeathPrevent Close-ended If yes, specify: LambDeathsPreventHow Open-ended (text) Do you actively plan the mating of your ewes? PlanMating Close-ended Do you intentionally try to increase the outcome of number of lambs? Flushing Close-ended If you have multiple ewes: do you try to synchronize them to be able to mate them concurrently? Synchronize Close-ended If yes, why? SynchronizeWhy Open-ended (text) Do you consider what time of year you mate your ewe? MateTime Close-ended If yes, when do you allow mating? MateTimeWhen Open-ended (text) Comments on "planned mating": CommentOnPlannedMating Open-ended (text) Do you ever avoid mating one or more of your ewes? AvoidMating Close-ended If yes, for what reasons? AvoidMatingWhy Close-ended (tick all that apply) If other, specify: SpecifyOther3 Open-ended (text) Do you check the body condition of your ewes before they are allowed to mate? BCS Close-ended If yes, how? BCSDescribe Open-ended (text) Which ram is let to mate your ewe(s)? WhatRam Open-ended (text) Have you had, or do you have a problem with barren ewes? Infertility Close-ended Do you control if your ewe is pregnant? ControlPregnancy Close-ended If yes, how? ControlPregnantHow Close-ended If "check for signs", specify: SpecifySigns Open-ended (text) Do you know how many lambs your ewe is carrying before she delivers? HowManyLambs Close-ended If yes, how? HowManyLambsHow Open-ended (text) Do you manage your ewe differently when she is assumed to be pregnant? PregnantManagement Close-ended I try to minimize stress MinimizeStress Close-ended If yes: what? SpecifyWhatMinimizeStress Open-ended (text) If yes: when? SpecifyWhenMinimizeStress Open-ended (text) I restrict contact with other sheep outside of my herd RestrictContactPreg Close-ended If yes: when? SpecifyWhenRestrictContact Open-ended (text) I re-group my sheep herd ReGroup Close-ended If yes: what? SpecifyWhatReGroup Open-ended (text) If yes: when? SpecifyWhenReGroup Open-ended (text) I change feeding routines FeedingRoutines Close-ended If yes: what? SpecifyWhatFeedingRoutines Open-ended (text) If yes: when? SpecifyWhenFeedingRoutines Open-ended (text) I add supplements Supplements Close-ended If yes: what? SpecifyWhatSupplements Open-ended (text) If yes: when? SpecifyWhenSupplements Open-ended (text) Other Other Close-ended If yes: what? SpecifyWhatOther Open-ended (text) If yes: when? SpecifyWhenOther Open-ended (text) Do you check the body condition of your ewe during pregnancy? BCSPregnancy Close-ended Do you know on beforehand when your ewe is expected to lamb? WhenExpected Close-ended If other, specify: SpecifyWhenExpected Open-ended (text) Do you give her extra care and/or supervision around the time of lambing? Supervision Close-ended (tick all that apply) If other, specify: SpecifyOther4 Open-ended (text) Do you monitor the lambing? Monitor Close-ended If yes, do you assist during lambing? AssistLambing Close-ended If yes, specify how: AssistLambingHow Open-ended (text) Do you wash your hands before and/or after helping out? WashHands Close-ended Are there any other hygiene procedures you consider at lambing? PPE Open-ended (text) Where does your ewe give birth? Birthplace Close-ended If other, specify: SpecifyBirthplace Open-ended (text) At what time of day does your ewe(s) most often give birth? TimeDay Close-ended Are there any precautions taken directly after birth? (tick all that apply) Precaution Close-ended If other, specify: SpecifyPrecaution Open-ended (text) Comments on precautions taken directly after birth: CommentPrecautions Open-ended (text) Does the lamb get to drink the first milk (colostrum) from the ewe? Colostrum Close-ended If no, why not? ColostrumWhyNot Open-ended (text) If yes, how long after birth does the lamb start to suckle (on average)? TimeFirstSuckle Open-ended (number) Minutes until first suckle (average) Do you ensure the lamb gets sufficient amount of colostrum? SufficientColostrum Open-ended (text) If yes, how? SufficientColostrumHow Open-ended (text) If the lamb does not start to suckle or get insufficient amounts of colostrum, do you assist or supplement? Assist Close-ended If yes, what do you give? AssistWhat Open-ended (text) If yes, how often do you give? AssistHowOften Open-ended (number) Times/day Do you examine the udder of the ewe? ExamineUdder Close-ended Do you make sure the ewe takes care of her lamb(s)? MisMothering Close-ended If she does not – what do you do? Describe: SpecifyMisMothering Open-ended (text) Do you monitor the lambs’ health in any other specific way during the first week? (e.g. make sure they feed? How do you control this? General health?) ExtraCareLamb Close-ended If yes, specify: SpecifyExtraCareLamb Open-ended (text) Does the ewe get any specific or extra care during this period? ExtraCareEwe Close-ended If yes, specify: SpecifyExtraCareEwe Open-ended (text) How are your lambs weaned? Weaning Close-ended For how long does the lamb(s) suckle on average? (months) WeaningAge Open-ended (number) Months at weaning How old is the lamb when it is allowed to walk/graze together with the rest of the herd? (days) Graze Open-ended (number) Days until allowed grazing with herd Do you give your lambs supplements or supplementary feed? (including before and during weaning) LambSuppl Close-ended If yes, specify: SpecifyLambSuppl Open-ended (text) Do you continuously ensure your lambs gain weight? LambWeight Close-ended If yes, how? LambWeightHow Open-ended (text) Do you de-worm your lambs? LambsDeworm Close-ended If yes, at what age? LambsDewormAge Open-ended (text) Do you vaccinate your lambs? LambsVaccinate Close-ended If yes, at what age and against what diseases? LambsVaccinateComment Open-ended (text) Do you treat your HEALTHY lambs with any other specific medication(preventive medication)? LambsMedication Close-ended If yes, what? LambsMedicationWhat Open-ended (text) Miscellanoeus information given during the entire interview ExtraInfo Open-ended (text)